CHEMISTRY

Learning Objectives

• CHIM/03

  The course aims to transfer to the student the basic knowledge of general chemistry. The student will be directed to study the atomic and molecular structure, the periodic properties of the elements, the chemical bonds, the chemical reactions, the properties of gases and solutions as well as the quantitative aspects of general chemistry.

• Organic Chemistry

  Organic compounds are milestones of the living matter. The aim of the class is to describe the structures, the features and the reactivities of the main classes of organic compounds paying particular attention to the principal organic compounds present in food. The students must acquire the knowledge of the main classes of organic compounds, must learn to write the simplest structures and discuss their properties in particular with reference to their behavior as food components. In addition the students must learn to correlate the structure of an organic compound with the resultant reactivity and the most common reaction mechanisms.

Course Structure

• CHIM/03

  Composition and structure of matter: generalities, mixtures, chemical compounds, atoms, molecules and ions, molecular weight, atomic weight, concept of mole and Avogadro number; The structure of the atom: generalities, orbitals, ideal construction of atoms: Hund's principle of maximum multiplicity, the Aufbau rule, Pauli's exclusion principle, the periodic system of elements; The chemical bond: general information, valence bond theory, bond types: covalent bond (homeopolar, heteropolar), dative or coordination covalent bond, ionic bond, hydrogen bond, hints on molecular hybridization; Chemical reactions: generalities, oxidation number, formation of oxides, anhydrides, acids, bases and salts, nomenclature and balancing, redox and balancing reactions. Moles, equivalents and stoichiometry calculations. Thermodynamics: general information, hints on the thermodynamic state of a system, concept of enthalpy and entropy; The gaseous state: pressure, volume, temperature. The laws of ideal gases (Boyle, Charles and Gay Lussac) and the gas equation of state. Avogadro's law; The condensed states: liquid state, solid state; Solutions of electrolytes and non-electrolytes: generalities, passage in solution, concentrations: percentage composition, molality, molarity, normality. General information on colligative properties. Electrolytic dissociation; Kinetics and chemical equilibrium: general information, hints of chemical kinetics, chemical equilibrium law, equilibrium constant, factors that affect the chemical equilibrium; Ionic equilibria in solutions: generalities, acid and base according to Arrhenius, Bronsted and Lowy, strength of an acid and a base, ionic product of water, pH, pH indicators, hydrolysis, buffer systems, acid-base titrations; Electrochemistry: outline.

• Organic Chemistry

  Lectures and exercises

  Should teaching be carried out in mixed mode or remotely, it may be necessary to introduce changes with respect to previous statements, in line with the programme planned and outlined in the syllabus.

Detailed Course Content

• CHIM/03

  General information on matter, atom structure, elements and their periodicity, chemical bonds, chemical reactions and their quantitative aspects, hints of thermodynamics, the gaseous state, chemical equilibrium, solutions and their quantitative aspects, hints of electrochemistry.

• Organic Chemistry

  Chemical bond, atomic and molecular orbitals, sigma and pi bonds, resonance. Nucleophiles and electrophiles. Alkanes, cycloalkanes, isomers, stereoisomers, chirality, enantiomers, biological activity. Alkenes, alkynes, alkyl halides, reactivity. Aromatic hydrocarbons, Huckel rule, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Electrophilic and nucleophilic substitution reactions. Alcohols, phenols, ethers, thiols, polyphenols and quinones. Aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes and ketones. Aliphatic and aromatic amines. Heterocyclic compounds. Rich and poor heterocycles. Carboxylic acids and their derivatives. Lipids. Triacylglycerols. Carbohydrates. Aminoacids. Proteins. Nucleic acids.

Textbook Information

• CHIM/03

  • Chimica: materia, tecnologia, ambiente, Ivano Bertini Claudio Luchinat Fabrizio Mani, Prima edizione, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana. Distribuzione esclusiva Zanichelli, Prima edizione 2016

  • Stechiometria per la chimica generale. P. M. Lausarot, G. A. Vaglio. Piccin
• Organic Chemistry
  1. W.H.Brown, M.K.Campbell, S.O. Farrel: Elementi di Chimica Organica con modelli molecolari, Edizione II/2018, Edises, Napoli.
  2. W.H.Brown, B.L. Iverson, E.V.Anslyn. C.S.Foote: Chimica Organica, Quinta Edizione, Edises, Napoli.
  3. Janice Gorzynski Smith: Fondamenti di Chimica Organica, II edizione 2014, MCGraw-Hill Education, Milano
  4. Paula Yurkanis Bruice, Elementi di chimica organica, II edizione 2017, Edises, Napol
  5. Class notes (Slides)