ENTOMOLOGIA E PATOLOGIA VEGETALE
Module PATOLOGIA VEGETALE GENERALE

Academic Year 2026/2027 - Teacher: ALESSANDRO VITALE

Expected Learning Outcomes

This course will provide to the students the basic knowoledge on plant pathology with special emphasis on disease diagnostic, epidemiology and sustainable control methods to prevent plant diseases or to reduce their impacts.

Knowledge and understanding: At the end of the course, students must demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the main course contents.

Applying knowledge and understanding: At the end of the course, students must demonstrate that they are able to recognize the main symptoms of diseases and formulate diagnostic hypotheses. They must also be able to evaluate and interpret experimental and literature data (Oral examination)

Making judgements: At the end of the course, students must demonstrate the ability to formulate well-founded interpretative judgments, based on the knowledge acquired, concerning research activities described in scientific publications (Oral examination)

Communication skills: At the end of the course, students must demonstrate that they are able to select and appropriately use technical terminology, adapting their oral and written communication to the required level and to specific purposes. Similarly, students must demonstrate the ability to analyze and summarize a scientific publication and to present their work to their peers.…

Learning skills: At the end of the course, students must be able to keep their knowledge and skills up to date, identifying the fundamental and relevant aspects of the course within their professional context, in a legally, ethically, and scientifically sound framework.

Course Structure

Teaching course includes theoretical lessons for a total of 3 ECTS (i.e. 21 hours) and other practical activities (classroom and laboratory exercises, educational visits, seminars, etc.) for also a total of 3 ECTS (i.e. 42 hours). If teaching is given in a mixed formula or remotely, necessary changes may be introduced to what was previously stated in order to comply with the provided and reported syllabus. Frontal lessons and lectures, exercises and educational visits. For the lessons we will make use of multimedia presentations, slides, computer databases, summary and explanatory diagrams in paper format that will allow us a better undertsanding of the basic concepts and the basics of plant pathology. The laboratory exercises will be aimed at the recognition of diseases and the identification of fungal pathogens. Field visits and educational excursions will take place on other days and times to be agreed with the students by phone. Learning assessment can be done remotely if necessary.

Information for students with disabilities and/or specific learning disabilities (SLA)

As guarantee of equal opportunities and in compliance with current laws, interested students can ask for a personal interview in order to plan any compensatory and/or dispensatory measures, based on their specific needs and on teaching objectives of the discipline. It is also possible to ask the departmental contacts of CInAP (Center for Active and Participatory Inclusion - Services for Disabilities and/or DSAs), in the person of professor Anna De Angelis

Required Prerequisites

Basic knowledge of botany, biology, and microbiology is strongly recommended

Attendance of Lessons

Although the frequency is not mandatory, it is strongly recommended

Detailed Course Content

Course presentation and historical overview of Plant Pathology

Concept of disease; types of disease; pathological morphology; symptomatology; pathological anatomy; physiological and functional alterations; assessment of disease severity and damage.

Koch’s postulates; traditional diagnostic investigations; diagnostic investigations using biochemical markers; serodiagnosis; nucleic acid detection; PCR; RFLP; cloning and sequencing; phylogenetic analyses.

Relationships between organisms; ecological relationships; symbiotic relationships; mutualism; commensalism; parasitism; trophic relationships in parasitism; parasitic specialization.

Infection; penetration mechanisms; colonization mechanisms; synergism among different mechanisms of aggression.

Passive resistance mechanisms; active resistance mechanisms.

Environment and infectious plant diseases; epidemic development and prevention.

Plant protection products: physicochemical characteristics, classification, use, and storage.

Fungi: General characteristics of fungi, classification, reproduction, and multiplication.

Bacteria: General characteristics; classification; habitats of plant-pathogenic bacteria; bacterial infection; survival and dissemination of bacterial inoculum.

Phytoplasmas: General characteristics; nomenclature; classification; replication; transmission; diagnosis; and control.

Viruses: General characteristics; nomenclature; classification; replication; transmission; diagnosis; and control.

Course Planning

 SubjectsText References
1Text 1, 2 and 3. Lecture notes
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Learning Assessment

Learning Assessment Procedures

The teaching course aims to ensure the acquisition of basic knowledge of taxonomy, biological aspects and diagnostic criteria of the "key" phytopathogenic fungi. The student will acquire skills in identifying some effective management indications both in the nursery and in the open field and in professional updating for this area.

Exercises and seminars will always be aimed to identifying the fungal disease and, comprehensively, to the ability to problem solving.

Specifically, the student is expected to acquire comprehension skills, communicative abilities, and independent judgment according to the Dublin descriptors, as follows:

Knowledge and Understanding - (Dublin 1) [Knowledge and understanding]

At the end of the course, the student must demonstrate a basic understanding of diagnostic and taxonomic criteria, symptomatology, biological aspects, and fundamental principles of combating phytopathogenic fungi.

Assessment Method: Oral exam.

Applied Knowledge and Understanding - (Dublin 2) [Applying knowledge and understanding]

By the end of the course, the student should be able to apply the knowledge acquired to identify fungal alterations, understand their symptoms and biology, provide useful sustainable control recommendations in nursery and field settings, and evaluate and interpret experimental and literature data.

Assessment Method: Oral exam.

Independent Judgment - (Dublin 3) [Making judgments]

At the end of the course, the student should demonstrate the ability to formulate informed interpretative judgments based on the acquired knowledge. They should be able to weigh various aspects of plant mycology in research activities extracted from scientific publications and autonomously analyze plant pathogenic issues with fungal etiology.

Assessment Method: Oral examination following the presentation of a scientific publication.

Communicative Skills - (Dublin 4) [Communication]

By the end of the course, the student should demonstrate the ability to use technical terminology appropriately, adapt oral and written communication forms to the required level and specific purposes. Similarly, the student should be able to analyze and synthesize a scientific publication and present their work to colleagues.

Assessment Method: Oral exam aimed to assess the student's ability to summarize a scientific article.

Learning Skills - (Dublin 5) [Lifelong learning skills]

Upon completing the course, the student should be able to keep their knowledge and skills up to date, grasping essential and relevant aspects of the course for their professional context within a legally, ethically, and scientifically correct framework. They should understand the topics both within a group and independently, connect not only the subjects covered during the course but also identify connections between the themes discussed in this discipline and other areas.

Assessment Method: Partially through an oral interview.

Examples of frequently asked questions and / or exercises

1.      Classification of plant diseases

2.      Description of the main disease symptoms and symptom-based diagnosis

3.      Monocyclic and polycyclic diseases

4.      Koch’s postulates

5.      Main disease-management strategies

6.      Main fungicides

7.      Antagonistic microorganisms and their use

8.      Techniques for isolating a fungal pathogen